Research Methodology DEC 2025

Description

Research Methodology

Dec 2025 Examination

 

 

Q1. A consulting firm is preparing to launch a research project on the impact of remote work on employee productivity. The project lead, inspired by recent client experiences, is eager to proceed quickly and has drafted a hypothesis based on anecdotal evidence. However, the team is concerned about the risk of duplicating existing studies and missing key variables such as digital fatigue and communication barriers. They recognize the need to conduct a thorough literature review but are unsure how to structure it to inform their research objectives and methodology. Based on the scenario, how should the research team apply the principles of a critical literature review to ensure their study on remote work and employee productivity is both original and relevant, while avoiding duplication of existing research? (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

The shift to remote work has transformed the way organizations function, with productivity emerging as a key concern for managers and researchers alike. While some studies highlight the benefits of flexibility, autonomy, and work–life balance, others emphasize challenges such as digital fatigue, communication breakdowns, and isolation. The consulting firm in this case is eager to explore the impact of remote work on employee productivity but risks falling into the trap of relying solely on anecdotal experiences or duplicating existing studies. To avoid this, a well-structured critical literature review is essential. Such a review not only maps existing knowledge but also identifies research

 

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Q2(A). A management intern is tasked with studying customer behavior at a busy café in Bangalore. She considers two options: observing customers without their knowledge to capture natural behavior (concealed observation), or informing them in advance and obtaining consent (unconcealed observation). The café owner is open to either method but is concerned about both data authenticity and ethical standards. Evaluate the ethical and methodological implications of choosing concealed (covert) observation over unconcealed (overt) observation in a study of customer behavior in a public café. Weigh the potential for authentic data against the ethical responsibilities of the researcher, and justify which approach would be more appropriate in this context. (5 Marks)

Ans 2a.

Introduction

Observation is a widely used method for studying human behavior in natural settings, especially in public places like cafés. In this case, the management intern must choose between concealed (covert) observation and unconcealed (overt) observation. Concealed observation promises more authentic behavior, while unconcealed observation ensures ethical compliance. The café owner’s concern about both data authenticity and ethical responsibility highlights the central dilemma. The decision must weigh methodological

 

 

Q2(B). A research team is analyzing customer satisfaction survey data collected using a 5- point Likert scale. For ease of analysis, they consider treating the ordinal data as interval data to calculate means and run parametric tests. Some team members question whether this is methodologically sound and worry about the impact on the study’s conclusions. Evaluate the implications of treating ordinal data from a Likert scale as interval data in statistical analysis. Should the research team proceed with this approach, or are there risks to the validity of their findings? Justify you  recommendation with reference to measurement theory. (5 Marks)

Ans 2b.

Introduction

Likert scale data is one of the most common tools used to measure customer satisfaction, typically captured on a 5-point scale ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. The research team faces a methodological debate: should they treat this ordinal data as interval to calculate means and conduct parametric tests? While treating ordinal data as interval simplifies analysis, it may also introduce risks of misinterpretation. The decision must